Department of Dairy TechnologyFAPT

Dr. Saima Inayat

Ph.D (UVAS & UOG, Canada), M.Sc. Hons. (SAU), DVM (SAU).
(Associate Professor/ Chairperson)

Tel: 92-42-99211374, 99211449-50,  Ext 5029                                               
Mobile: 0333-5145747
Email: saima.inayat@uvas.edu.pk   

Biography:

Dr. Saima Inayat is Chairperson of the Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan. She is an Associate Professor and holds degrees of Ph.D in (Dairy Technology), M.Sc (Hons.) in (Dairy Technology) and DVM. She has conducted her Ph.D research work at Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Canada on Rheological and Microstructural studies of Cheddar and Mozzarella cheeses using Farinograph. Dr. Saima Inayat has basic expertise in the field of Dairy Technology, especially in cheese making, yoghurt manufacturing and milk and milk products analysis with a special emphasis on soft unripened cheese preparation from Camel Milk. She focuses her teaching and research on Buffalo and Camel milk based products development; fermented and concentrated dairy products like yoghurt and cheese, cheese-making properties of milk related to processing treatments and milk products analysis. Dr. Saima Inayat has more than 26 peer reviewed research publications, in which 12 are impact factor publications, 5 international publications (without IF), have 5 conference proceedings, she won two times travel grant, and she is an author of 03 books. Presently, she is involved in teaching undergraduate and postgraduate classes & research. She took major part in the revision of BS (Hons.) Dairy Technology degree program curriculum according to Dairy Industry needs, HEC and Institutional guidelines. She revised Post graduate curriculums also. Under her Supervision fourteen postgraduate students have been passed their degrees, currently she is supervisor of 02 M.Phil and 04 PhD Scholars; ten students have passed under her expertise as a member, and others are under process. She has developed two Mega Laboratories in Ravi Campus, UVAS with the names “Bio-imaging Laboratory” and “Sensory Evaluation Laboratory” in HEC funded Project titled “Enhancement of Research facilities at Ravi Campus, UVAS”. She imparted 03 trainings to female farmers on value addition of camel milk in Bahawalpur region. Two trainings on Cheese manufacturing in the department of Dairy Technology and one training on “Basic Microbiological Techniques used in Dairy Industries” in Bio-imaging laboratory. She has more than 17 years of teaching and research experience.

Areas of interest:

  • Analysis of milk and milk products.
  • Mozzarella, Cottage and Cheddar cheese manufacturing technologies
  • Buffalo and Camel milk based products development and their value addition
  • Yoghurt and fermented food products development & their Sensory and organoleptic evaluation
  • Dairy Rheology and Microstructure study
  • Food safety and food quality

Publications


  1. Detailed & complete manual of milk and dairy products analysis, including microbiological tests with the title “Encyclopedia of Dairy Products Analysis” in the year 2014, Published by ILMI Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan.
      1. Authors : Dr. Saima Inayat and M. Usman Akram
  1. Published Book in the year 2014 titled “Production and Quality Improvement of Camel Milk Soft Unripened Cheese” published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany bearing ISBN 978-3-659-55611-1.
      1. Author : Dr. Saima Inayat.
  1. Published manual with the title "Manual for testing of Milk and Milk Products" in year 2007 with Institute of Continuing Education & Extension (ICE&E), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
      1. Author:  Saima Inayat and Dr. Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar
  1. Omar AI , Yin L, Inayat S , Alam MBB, Zhenyang W, Worku T,  Thi TNT, Faruque MO, Periasamy K, Samsuddin M , Zhao S , Du X and Liu X. 2019. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in NOD1 and NLRP9 genes with fecal egg count trait of Chinese and Bangladeshi goat breeds being naturally infected by Haemonchus contortus. J Animal & Plant Sciences, Vol. 29(2): 2019, Page: 370-378, ISSN: 1018-7081.
                  1. IF: 0.529
  1. Khan UM, Ahmad I, Inayat S, Amin HMA. Selamoglu Z. 2019. Physicochemical properties of Cheddar cheese made from Citrus reticulata Blanco crude flowers Extract. 2019. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7(6): 856-860, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i6.856-860.2386.
  1. Nazir A, Li. G, Inayat S., Iqbal MA, Humayoon A, Akhtar S. 2018. Determinants for income diversification by Farm households in Pakistan. J Animal & Plant Sciences. 28(4), pp 1163-1173, ISSN: 1018-7081.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      IF: 0.407
  1. Akhtar MS, Majeed J, Lashari MH, Lodhi LA, Ahmad I, Inayat S, Muhammad SA, Hussain I, Ahmad T and Akhtar M. 2016. Effect of Bovine Somatotropin administration and wallowing on milk production, milk protein and fat contents in Nili-Ravi buffaloes during Summer. Buffalo Bulletin. Vol. 35, No.2, pp 209-213.
                  1. IF: 0.104
  1. Khan S, Inayat S, Hussain I, Nadeem M, Rahman F, Khan A. 2015. The effect of temperature and cutting time on curd yield and quality made from goat, buffalo and cow milk. 2015. African Journal of Agricultural Research. Vol. 10(8), pp 789-796, DOI:10.5897 / AJAR2013.8387, ISSN 1991-637X.
                  1. IF: 0.26
  1. Farooq AA, Lashari MH, Akhtar MS, Awais MM, Inayat S, Akhtar M. 2015. Prevalance of Bovine Fascioliasis in different Commercial and non-commercial dairy farms of district Rajanpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan J. Life & Social Sci. E‐ISSN: 2221‐7630; P‐ISSN: 1727‐4915.
  1. Inayat S, Ayaz M, Pasha TN, Abdullah M, Waheed A. 2014. Evaluation of Commercially available Mozzarella cheese for its melt and stretching behavior through Farinograph-E. J Animal & Plant Sciences. 24(3): 2014. pp: 770-773
                  1. IF: 0.448
  1. Inayat S, Ayaz M, Pasha TN, Abdullah M, Waheed A, Nadeem M. 2013. Farinographic Studies of Mozzarella Cheese at Optimized Conditions. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 45(5), pp 1423-1427.                                                          
                  1. IF:  0.266
  1. Nadeem M, Abdullah M, Hussain I, Inayat S. 2013. Modification of fatty acid profile of cow milk by Calcium salts of fatty acids and its use in ice cream. J Food Science and Technology. Vol 52 (2), pp 1061-1067.  DOI 10.1007/s13197-013-1050-7
                  1. IF: 2.024
  1. Nadeem M, Abdullah M, Hussain I, Inayat S, Javid A, Zahoor Y. 2013. Antioxidant Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract for the stabilization of Butter at Refrigeration Temperature. Czech Journal of Food Sciences. 31(4), pp 332-339.            
                  1. IF: 0.741
  1. Nadeem M, Abdullah M, Khalique A, Hussain I, Mahmud A, Inayat S. 2013. The Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract as Antioxidant on Stabilization of Butter Oil with Modified Fatty Acid Profile. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. Vol. 15, pp 919-928.        
                  1. IF: 0.679
  1.  Inayat S. 2012. Rennet Enzyme: A coagulating agent used in cheese making technology- a review. J Animal & Plant Sciences. 22 (4 Suppl.), pp 634-637. ISSN: 1018-7081.
                  1. IF: 0.638
  1.  Inayat S, Arain MA, Khaskheli M, Farooq AA. 2007. Study on the production and quality improvement of Soft Unripened cheese made from Buffalo milk as compared with Camel milk. Italian Journal of Animal Sciences. 6(suppl. 2):1115-1119. (It was also accepted for Oral Presentation in VIII World Buffalo Congress held at Caserta, Italy).
                  1. IF: 0.172
  1.  Farooq AA, Aziz MM, Hasssan M, Muhammad G, Inayat S. 2007. Antigenic response of a live attenuated Staphylococcus aureus vaccine in rabbits isolated from Buffalo Mastitic milk. Ital. J. Animal Sciences. 6(Suppl. 2): 813-816. (VIII World Buffalo Congress held at Caserta, Italy).                                                                                                 
                  1. IF: 0.172

International Publication:

  1. Akhtar M S, Lashari M H, Inayat S, Hussain I, Lodhi L A, Ahmad I, Muhammad S A, Akhtar M. 2015. Serum electrolyte and mineral variations during pregnancy, lactation and dry period in Buchi sheep. Wayamba Journal of Animal Science-ISSN: 2012-578X, pp 1260-1265.
  2. Akhtar M S, Lodhi L A, Ayaz M M, Lashari M H, Ahmad I, Aziz M, Inayat S, Muhammad S A. 2014.  Dose dependent effect of Prostaglandin analogue in double injection regimen for Estrus Synchronization in goats. Wayamba J. Anim. Sci.,ISSN: 2012-578X; No. 1419008830. pp1065-1069.
  3. Junaid M, Ali M, Ayaz M, Ahmad N, Javed I, Inayat S, Younas U, Arif M A. 2014. Physico-Chemical Properties of Yoghurt Prepared from Conventional and Probiotic Culture: Proceeding of International Conference on Beneficial Microbes ICOBM 2014 (27-29 May 2014) in Penang Malaysia, A-19 Page 81-84 ISBN 978-967-394-186-5                            (Conference Proceeding)
  4. Abdullah M, Nadeem M, Pasha T N, Hussain I, Inayat S, Ilyas M, Rashid A. 2011. Preparation and evaluation of Yoghurt like fermented dairy product containing transesterified palm olein. Mediterr J Nutr Metab.  Vol 5, pp 39-44.   DOI 10.1007/s 12349-011-0068-5.

National HEC recognized Journals:

  1. Akhtar MS, Farooq AA, Inayat S. 2009. Treatment of first degree Endometritis by Cloprostenol and Estradiol in Cholistani cows. J Animal & Plant Sciences. 19(1): 20-21.
  2. Farooq AA, Inayat S, Akhtar MS, Mushtaq M. 2008. Prevalence of Mastitis and antibiotic sensitivity of Bacterial isolates recovered from Nili-Ravi buffaloes. J Animal & Plant Sciences. 18(2-3):76-77.
  3. Hussain I, Hussain S, Inayat S, Shah WH. 2007. Studies on the preparation, evaluation and acceptability of Banana fruit yoghurt. Pakistan Journal of Science. Vol. 59 (3-4): pp 72-76.
  4. Inayat S, Arain MA, Khaskheli M. 2005. The Production and Quality improvement of Soft Unripened Cheese made from Camel milk. J Animal & Plant Sciences. 15(1-2): 9-14
  5. Inayat S, Farooq AA. 2005. Therapeutic Values of Camel Milk. J Animal & Plant Sciences. 15(3-4):68-69.
  6. Inayat S, Arain MA, Khaskheli M, Malik AH. 2003. Study of the Effect of Processing on the Chemical Quality of Soft Unripened Cheese Made from Camel Milk. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2 (2): 102-105.DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2003.102.105. URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2003.102.105

 

  1. Oral presentation in International Buffalo Congress: Oral Presentation in IBC, 2019 (International Buffalo Congress, 2019) on 19th February 2019 with the title: “Quality appraisal of mango flavored milk prepared from different combinations of Nili Ravi buffalo and Holstein Fresian cow milk”  by Dr. Saima Inayat at Pearl Continental Hotel, Lahore.
  2. Poster Presentation in International Buffalo Congress: Presented in IBC, 2019 (International Buffalo Congress, 2019) on 18th February 2019 with the title: “A study on Cream cheese produced using Bifidobacterium bifidum & Lactobacillus acidophilus culture”. (2019-IBC-58).
  3. Selected for Oral Presentation in International ADSA meeting: Selected for Oral presentation and published in American Dairy Science Association meeting 2017 proceedings in Journal of Dairy Science (Vol 100, suppl 2): Batool M., Inayat S., Ayaz M., Ahmad S., Akhtar S. Development and quality enhancement of cottage-type cheese made from Nili Ravi buffalo postpartum milk (colostrum). Proceedings of 2017, Abstract # 218. ADSA Annual Meeting Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, June 25-28, 2017.
  4. Shakeel Hussain, Saima Inayat, Majid Lal, Tahir Saleem, Ali Raza, Abubakar Butt, Sibt e Abbas , Shehzad Ali. 2018. Role of beneficial bacteria to resolving bacterial contamination of fuel ethanol fermentations. Abstract published in Conference on “Trends and Innovation in Food Processing Technology: Prospects and Challenges” on 07-08th November, 2018.
  5. Iqra Muqadas Saleem, Saima Inayat, Nabila Gulzar, M. Imran. 2018. A comparative study on the Texture analysis of different type of biscuits available in market. Abstract published in Conference on “Trends and Innovation in Food Processing Technology: Prospects and Challenges” on 07-08th November, 2018.
  6. Shakeel Hussain, Saima Inayat, Majid Lal, Tahir Saleem, Ali Raza, Abubakar Butt, Sibt e Abbas , Shehzad Ali. 2018. Functional and Potential applications of Hydrogel as an alternative structure for food packaging systems. Abstract published in Conference on “Trends and Innovation in Food Processing Technology: Prospects and Challenges” on 07-08th November, 2018.
  7. Shakeel Hussain, Saima Inayat, Majid Lal, Tahir Saleem, Ali Raza, Abubakar Butt, Sibt e Abbas , Shehzad Ali. 2018. Recent developments in the application of image processing techniques for food quality and safe evaluation. Abstract published in Conference on “Trends and Innovation in Food Processing Technology: Prospects and Challenges” on 07-08th November, 2018.
  8. Shehzad Ali, Amna Sheikh, Saman Fatima, Sibt e Abbas, Faizan Khan, Shakeel Hussain, Saima Inayat, Abubakar Butt. 2018. Beneficial effects of nonthermal food processing technologies on Food Allergens. Abstract published in Conference on “Trends and Innovation in Food Processing Technology: Prospects and Challenges” on 07-08th November, 2018.
  9. Shehzad Ali, Amna Sheikh, Saman Fatima, Sibt e Abbas, Shakeel Hussain, Saima Inayat, Majid Lal. 2018. New trends in gas plasma technology for decontamination of food surfaces. Abstract published in Conference on “Trends and Innovation in Food Processing Technology: Prospects and Challenges” on 07-08th November, 2018.
  10. Shakeel Hussain, Saima Inayat, Majid Lal, Tahir Saleem, Ali Raza, Abubakar Butt, Sibt e Abbas , Shehzad Ali. 2018. Resolving bacterial contamination of fuel Ethanol fermentations with beneficial bacteria- An alternative to antibiotic treatment”. Abstract published in Conference on “Trends and Innovation in Food Processing Technology: Prospects and Challenges” on 07-08th November, 2018.
  11. M. Batool, Saima Inayat, M. Ayaz, S. Ahmad and S. Akhtar. 2017. Development and quality enhancement of cottage-type cheese made from Nili Ravi buffalo postpartum milk (Colostrum). American Dairy Science Association (ADSA) Annual Meeting. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
  12. H.M. Arslan Amin, Usman Mir Khan, Saima Inayat, Saqib Manzoor, Ishtiaque Ahmad, M. Asim Ikram. 2017. Effect of Egg Powder Solids on the Physico-chemcial and Functional properties of Skim Milk. 3rd International Conference on Safe Food For All and Food Expo, March 2-3, 2017, Organized by Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan-Pakistan. Poster Presentation. p. 83.
  13. H.M. Arslan Amin, Usman Mir Khan, Saima Inayat, Saqib Manzoor, Ishtiaque Ahmad, M. Asim Ikram. 2017. Effect of Coating on Cheddar Cheese Ripening with Different Combinations of Palm oil, Chitosan and Round Scad Protein Based Films. International Conference on Foods of Animal Origin. Organized by National Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Oral Presentation. Abstract Code: ICFAO-O-45. p. 43.
  14. Usman Mir Khan, H.M. Arslan Amin, Rashida Perveen, Saima Inayat, Ishtiaque Ahmad. 2017. Effect of Probiotics on the Properties of White Cheese. International Conference on Foods of Animal Origin. Organized by National Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Poster Presentation. Abstract Code: ICFAO-P-2. p. 79-80.
  15. H. M. Arslan Amin Bhatti, Usman Mir Khan, Saima Inayat, Aqsa Munir, Sadaf Amin, Iffat Amin, Saqib Manzoor, Ishtiaque Ahmad. 2017. Analysis of migration of phthalates in pasteurized and powder milk packed in polyethylene pouches. Abstract book of “National Conference on Recent Trends in Food Processing and Technology” held at Department of Dairy Technology, UVAS: 58, November 15-16, 2017.
  16. Usman Mir Khan, H. M. Arslan Amin Bhatti, Saima Inayat, Fariha Khan, M. Asim Ikram, Ishtiaque Ahmad. 2017. Effect of antioxidants on oxidative stability and shelf life of butter in relation to storage temperature and duration. Abstract book of “National Conference on Recent Trends in Food Processing and Technology” held at Department of Dairy Technology, UVAS: 59, November 15-16, 2017.
  17. Usman Mir Khan, H. M. Arslan Amin Bhatti, Saima Inayat, Fariha Khan, Saqib Manzoor, Ishtiaque Ahmad. 2017. Effect of Nisin-producing starter culture on the shelf life of pasteurized process cheese spreads made from cheddar cheese manufactured. Abstract book of “National Conference on Recent Trends in Food Processing and Technology” held at Department of Dairy Technology, UVAS: 60, November 15-16, 2017.
  18. Tahir Saleem, Nabila Gulzar, Saima Inayat, Asim Ikram, Ishtiaque Ahmad. 2017. Factors influencing the quality of cheese. Abstract book of “National Conference on Recent Trends in Food Processing and Technology” held at Department of Dairy Technology, UVAS: 88, November 15-16, 2017.
  19. Usman Mir Khan, Fizzah Ashfaq, Arslan Amin Bhatti, Ishtiaque Ahmad, Saima Inayat, Muhammad Ayaz, Nisar Ahmad. 2017. Effect of Ripening Conditions on Physico-Chemical Properties and Survival of Probiotic Microorganisms in Probiotic Cheddar Cheese. Oral Presentation and Abstract was published in the Abstract book of “4th International Conference and Industrial Exhibition on Dairy Science Park” held at Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya, Turkey: 74, November 1-5, 2017.
  20. Usman Mir Khan, Ishtiaque Ahmad, Saima Inayat, Muhammad Ayaz, Nisar Ahmad, Arslan Amin Bhatti. 2017. Physico-chemical and Nutritional Properties of Cheddar Cheese made from Citrus Reticulata blanco Crude Flowers Extract (CFE). Poster Presentation and Abstract was published in the Abstract book of “4th International Conference and Industrial Exhibition on Dairy Science Park” held at Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya, Turkey: 75, November 1-5, 2017.
  21. Imran Taj, M. Junaid, Saima Inayat, M. Ayaz, M.Nadeem, Ishtiaque Ahmed, Asim Ikram, J. Nasir and A. Manan. 2017. Development of Mozzarella Cheese with enhance Nutritional Value by Varied Fat Content and Type of Culture”. International conference of Food of Animal origin, March 30-31, 2017, page 164-165.
  22. Muhammad Asim Ikram, Imran Javed, Saima Inayat, Khalid Javed, M. Junaid, H. Arslan Amin and Usman Mir Khan. 2017. Quality Assessment of Pasteurized milk through the incidence of spore former bacteria in pasteurized milk. The conference of Dairy Science Park 1-5th November, 2017 Konya, Turkey.
  23. Maryam Batool, Saima Inayat, Muhammad Asim Ikram. 2017. Colostrum whey: A potential ingredient for dairy sector in nutritional aspects, in the conference of Dairy Science Park 1-5th November, 2017 Konya, Turkey.
  24. H.M. Arslan Amin, Usman Mir Khan, Saima Inayat, M. Asim Ikram, Maryam Batool, Aqsa Munir, Sadaf Amin, Iffat Amin. 2017. Effect of Different Coating Materials on the Quality of Cheddar cheese. Conference on Recent Trends in Food Processing & Technology, 15-16 November, 2017, Organized by Department of Dairy Technology at, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki. Poster Presentation. p. 57.
  25. Usman Mir Khan, H. M. Arslan Amin Bhatti, Saima Inayat, Fariha Khan, Saqib Manzoor, Ishtiaque Ahmad. 2017. Effect of Nisin-producing starter culture on the shelf life of pasteurized process cheese spreads made from cheddar cheese manufactured. Abstract book of “National Conference on Recent Trends in Food Processing and Technology” held at Department of Dairy Technology, UVAS: 60, November 15-16, 2017.
  26. Usman Mir Khan, Fizzah Ashfaq, Arslan Amin Bhatti, Ishtiaque Ahmad, Saima Inayat, Muhammad Ayaz, Nisar Ahmad. 2017. Effect of Ripening Conditions on Physico-Chemical Properties and Survival of Probiotic Microorganisms in Probiotic Cheddar Cheese. Oral Presentation and Abstract was published in the Abstract book of “4th International Conference and Industrial Exhibition on Dairy Science Park” held at Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya, Turkey: 74, November 1-5, 2017.
  27. Usman Mir Khan, Ishtiaque Ahmad, Saima Inayat, Muhammad Ayaz, Nisar Ahmad, Arslan Amin Bhatti. 2017. Physico-chemical and Nutritional Properties of Cheddar Cheese made from Citrus Reticulata blanco Crude Flowers Extract (CFE). Poster Presentation and Abstract was published in the Abstract book of “4th International Conference and Industrial Exhibition on Dairy Science Park” held at Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya, Turkey: 75, November 1-5, 2017.
  28. H. M. Arslan Amin Bhatti, Usman Mir Khan, Saima Inayat, Aqsa Munir, Sadaf Amin, Iffat Amin, Saqib Manzoor, Ishtiaque Ahmad. 2017. Analysis of migration of phthalates in pasteurized and powder milk packed in polyethylene pouches. Abstract book of “National Conference on Recent Trends in Food Processing and Technology” held at Department of Dairy Technology, UVAS: 58, November 15-16, 2017.
  29. Nabila Gulzar, Aysha Sameen, Nuzhat Huma, Saima Inayat, Saima Rafiq. 2017. Influence of Mozzarella and Cheddar Cheese Blending on Baking Performance, Viscosity and Microstructure of Pizza Cheese, Published in International Conference On Foods Of Animal Origin 30-31 March, 2017
  30. Usman Mir Khan, H.M. Arslan Amin, Rashida Perveen, Saima Inayat, Ishtiaque Ahmad, M. Asim Ikram. 2017. Challenges and Emerging Trends in Food Safety Chain: Surveillance of Foodborne Illness and Prevention. 3rd International Conference on Safe Food For All and Food Expo, March 2-3, 2017, Organized by Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan-Pakistan. Poster Presentation. p. 59-60.
  31. Iqra Muqadas Saleem, Dr. Saima Inayat, Dr. Nabila Gulzar, Muhammad Asim Ikram. 2017. Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation on the performance of athletes in National Conference on Recent Trends in Food Processing and Technology, 15- 16th November, 2017. Organized by the Department of Dairy Technology UVAS Ravi Campus Pattoki.
  1. Usman M. Khan, H. M. Arslan Amin, Ishtiaque Ahmad, Saima Inayat and M. Junaid. 2016. Development of Cheddar cheese by using crude Flowers extract of Citrus Aurantium (Sour orange) as a milk coagulant. Oral Presentation and Abstract was published in the Abstract book of International Conference on Beneficial Microbes ICOBM 2016 held at Duangjitt Resort & Spa Phuket, Thailand on May 31st – June 2nd 2016. (Abstract Code: YA1. p. 85).
  2. Maryam Batool and Saima Inayat. 2016. Colostrum as a Basis for New Probiotic Functional Foods and Dietrary Supplement. Proceedings of “1st   National Conference on recent Advances in Functional Foods” held on 5- 6th October, 2016 at Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
  3. Muhammad Ali, Saima Inayat, M. Asim Ikram, Faiza Arif and Maryam Batool. 2016. Quality comparison of Dairy and Non Dairy Ice cream prepared with Palm oil. Proceedings of “1st National Conference on recent Advances in Functional Foods” held on 5- 6th October, 2016 at Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
  4. H. M. Arslan Amin, Saima Inayat, Usman Mir Khan, Aqsa Munir, Sadaf Amin, Iffat Amin. 2016. Effect of Coffee Extract on the Colloidal Stability of Skim Milk. Proceedings of “1st National Conference on Recent Advances in Functional Foods” held on 5-6th October, 2016, Organized by Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Poster Presentation. p. 54.
  5. H.M. Arslan Amin, Saima Inayat, Usman Mir Khan, Barkat Ali, M. Usman Akram, Ishtiaque Ahmad, Saqib Manzoor. 2016. Dietary Supplements usages and Importance in Functional Foods. Proceedings of “1st   National Conference on recent Advances in Functional Foods” held on 5- 6th October, 2016 at Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki. Poster Presentation. p. 56.
  6. H. M. Arslan Amin, Saima Inayat, Usman M. Khan, Saqib Manzoor, Ishtiaque Ahmad, Maryam Khalil. 2016. Benefits, concerns and challenges about Functional Foods. Proceedings of “1st   National Conference on recent Advances in Functional Foods” held on 5- 6th October, 2016 at Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
  7. Arslan Qayyum and Saima Inayat. 2016.  Probiotic Yoghurt as functional food and its beneficial effects on human beings. Proceedings of “1st   National Conference on recent Advances in Functional Foods” held on 5- 6th October, 2016 at Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
  8. Usman Mir Khan, H. M. Arslan Amin, Saima Inayat, Ishtiaque Ahmad. 2016. Dietary Whey Proteins as Functional Food Ingredients. Proceedings of “1st   National Conference on recent Advances in Functional Foods” held on 5- 6th October, 2016 at Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
  9. Muhammad Ali, M. Ayaz, M. Junaid, Saima Inayat and Atta Muhammad Arif. 2016. Microbiological Examination of Conventional and Different Probiotic Yoghurts. Proceedings of “1st   National Conference on recent Advances in Functional Foods” held on 5- 6th October, 2016 at Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
  10. Muhammad Ali, Saima Inayat, Rahman Ullah, Asim Ikram, Maryam Batool and Faiza Arif. 2016. Review: Dairy Plant CIP System. Proceedings of “1st   National Conference on recent Advances in Functional Foods” held on 5- 6th October, 2016 at Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
  11. M. Saleem, R. Abdul Wahab Mushtaq, H. M. Akmal Hayyat, M. Asim Ikram and Saima Inayat. 2016. Soy Yogurt as Probiotic Carrier Food. Proceedings of “1st   National Conference on recent Advances in Functional Foods” held on 5- 6th October, 2016 at Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
  12. M. Junaid, Saima Inayat, M. Ayaz, M. Gulzar, Asim Ikram, Nisar Ahmad, Umair Younas, A. Manan, Adil Rasheed and M. Ali. 2016. Qualitative Comparison of Yoghurt prepared from Conventional and Probiotic culture Mixtures. Proceedings of “1st   National Conference on recent Advances in Functional Foods” held on 5- 6th October, 2016 at Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
  13. M. Junaid, Saima Inayat, M. Ayaz, M. Gulzar, Asim Ikram, Ishtiaque Ahmad, Umair Younas, A. Manan, Adil Rasheed and M. Ali. 2016. Dairy Value Chain development; A Strategy for managing milk loss in Pakistan. Proceedings of “1st   National Conference on recent Advances in Functional Foods” held on 5- 6th October, 2016 at Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
  14. Zunnurain, Zulqurnain, M. Nadeem, M. Asim Ikram, M. Ajmal, Ishtiaque Ahmad, Shakeel Ahmad, Saima Inayat and M. Junaid. 2016. Making of ice cream as a functional dairy product. Proceedings of “1st   National Conference on recent Advances in Functional Foods” held on 5- 6th October, 2016 at Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
  15. Muhammad Junaid, Saima Inayat, Muhammad Ayaz, Muhammad Gulzar, Asim Ikram, Ishtiaque Ahmad, Umair Younas, Abdul Manan, Adil Rasheed, and Muhammad Ali. 2016. Dairy Value Chain Development; A Strategy for Managing Milk Loss in Pakistan. “1st National Conference on Recent Advances in Functional Foods” 5-6th October, 2016
  16. Muhammad Junaid, Saima Inayat, Muhammad Ayaz, Muhammad Gulzar, Asim Ikram, Nisar Ahmad, Umair Younas, Abdul Manan, Adil Rasheed, and Muhammad Ali. 2016. Qualitative Comparison of Yoghurt prepared from Conventional and Probiotic Culture Mixtures. “1st National Conference on Recent Advances in Functional Foods” 5-6th October, 2016
  17. Muhammad Ali, Saima Inayat, Rahman Ullah, Asim Ikram, Maryam Batool and Faiza Arif. 2016. Dairy Plant CIP System.“1st National Conference on Recent Advances in Functional Foods” 5-6th October, 2016
  18. Muhammad Saleem, Rana Abdul Wahab Mushtaq, Hafiz M. Akmal Hayyat, Muhammad Asim Ikram, Dr. Saima Inayat. 2016. Soy Yogurt as Probiotic Carrier Food in “1st National Conference on Recent Advances in Functional Foods” 5-6th October, 2016
  19. H.M. Arslan Amin, Saima Inayat, Usman Mir Khan, Saqib Manzoor, Ishtiaque Ahmad. 2016. Benefits, Concerns and Challenges about Functional Foods. 1st National Conference on Recent Advances in Functional Foods, 5-6th October, 2016, Organized by Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki. Poster Presentation. p. 70.
  20. Usman Mir Khan, H.M. Arslan Amin, Saima Inayat, Ishtiaque Ahmad. 2016. Dietary Whey Proteins as Functional Food Ingredients. 1st National Conference on Recent Advances in Functional Foods, 5-6th October, 2016, Organized by Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki. Poster Presentation. p. 125.
  21. Khan U M, Amin A, Ahmad I, Shafqat Z, Ikram MA and Inayat S. 2015. Comparative study on Probiotic Labneh prepared from Buffalo and Cow Milk. Poster presentation and Abstract was published in the Abstract book of International Conference and Expo on Recent Developments in Human Nutrition held at PC Hotel, Lahore, Pakistan: November 3rd – November 4th, 2015. Abstract code: 2015-INCE-092. p. 78.
  22. M. Ali, S. Inayat, M. Nadeem, Rahman Ullah and F. Arif. 2015. Quality Comparison of Dairy and Non-Dairy Cream. Proceeding of 3rd International Workshop on Dairy Science Park Nov. 16-18, 2015. The University of Agriculture Peshawar.
  23. Sabir khan, Saima Inayat, Imran Javed, Imtiaz Hussain and Nisar Ahmad. 2015. Effects of Gelation temperatures and cutting times on curd yield and quality made from buffalo, cows and goat milk. Poster presentation in International Human Nutrition Conference & Expo-2015 at Pearl Continental Hotel-Lahore, November 3-4, 2015.
  24. M. Junaid, Imran Taj, Saima Inayat, M.Ali. 2015. Development of Mozzarella cheese with enhanced nutritional value by varied fat content and type of culture. Poster presentation in “International Human Nutrition Conference & Expo-2015” at Pearl Continental Hotel-Lahore, November 3-4, 2015.
  25. Abid Hussain, Saima Inayat, M. Ayaz and Jalees Bhatti. 2015. Quality of probiotic cream cheese as a functional food. Poster presentation in International Human Nutrition Conference & Expo-2015 at Pearl Continental Hotel-Lahore, November 3-4, 2015.
  26. Saima Inayat, Sumera Chaudhry, M. Khaskheli and Usman Akram. 2015. Enhancing Nutritive and qualitative values of Camel milk by introducing fermented dairy products in “International Symposium on Camel Management & Reproduction” held at Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam on December 23-24, 2015.
  27. Abstract entitled “Qualitative Comparison of Yoghurt prepared from Conventional and Probiotic Culture Mixtures” to be presented in International Conference on “Opportunities and Challenges in Dairy Industry” and “2nd Cheese and Exotic Foods Festival” on 26-27th November, 2015, National Institute of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-Pakistan 
  28. Junaid M, Ali M, Ayaz M, Ahmad N, Javed I, Inayat S, Younas U, Arif MA.  2014. Physico-chemical properties of yoghurt prepared from Conventional and Probiotic cultures. Proceedings in International Conference on Beneficial Microbes 2014 at Penang, Malaysia on 27-29 May.
  29. Hameed A, Inayat S, Javed I, Nadeem M, Nasir M. 2014. Quality enhancement of Soy Milk and soy Yoghurt blended with Buffalo milk. Poster presentation and abstract published in the proceedings of the International Nutrition Conference titled “Recent Developments in Human Nutrition” (19-20 March 2014). University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore.
  30. Usman MA, Shahzad F, Nadeem M, Inayat S, Junaid M. 2014. Froth Stability of Whipped Cream: A Review. Proceeding of the International Nutrition Conference titled Recent Developments in Human Nutrition (19-20 March 2014). University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore.
  31. S. Khan, S. Inayat, M. Nadeem, F. Rahman, A. Khan. 2014. The Effect of Temperature and Cutting Time on Curd Yield and Quality Made from Buffalo and Cow Milk. Proceedings of the 34th Zoological Congress. Pakistan Zoological Society. BZU, Multan. (2014).
  32. F. Rahman, M. Nadeem, S. Inayat, Y. Zahoor, S. Khan, M. Imran, A. Hassan, H. Rashid and S. Mansoor. 2014. Stabilization of Butter at Ambient Temperature through Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fruit Extract during winter. Proceedings of the 34th Zoological Congress. Pakistan Zoological Society. BZU, Multan.
  33. Nadeem M, Abdullah M, Ahmad S and Inayat S. 2014. Comparison of the Chemical Characteristics of Two Butter Oils with Different Fatty Acid Composition. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change. The University of Poonch, Rawlakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. (September 9-11, 2014).
  34. Poster Presentation/ Abstract Published: “Phyisco-chemical properties of yoghurt prepared from conventional and Probiotic cultures” in 2nd International Workshop on Dairy Science Park (Nov 18-20, 2013). The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan.
  35. Poster Presentation/ Abstract Published: “Effect of various concentrations of    Hydrogen peroxide on chemical and microbiological quality of Raw buffalo milk” in 2nd International Workshop on Dairy Science Park (Nov 18-20, 2013). The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan.
  36. Inayat S, Chaudhry S, Khaskheli M.  Physico-chemical and Sensory quality of Soft Unripened Cheese and Yoghurt prepared from Camel milk”. International Camel Conference, 19-21 December 2013, organized by Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.  Accepted for Oral presentation.
  37. Ilyas M, Inayat S, Ayaz M, Javed I. 2013. Effect of various concentrations of Hydrogen peroxide on chemical and microbiological quality of raw buffalo milk. Proceedings in 2nd International Workshop on Dairy Science Park. Organized by University of Agriculture, Peshawar, (November 18-20, 2013). pp 168-169.

 

Trainings obtained:

  • Training on “Senior Management Program for UVAS - Preparing for International Recognition and Local Impact”  at Rausing Executive Development Centre (REDC), Suleman Dawood School of Business (SDSB), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore on July 9-13th, 2018.
  • “Latex Workshop” successfully completed training on Scientific writing and formatting organized by the Deptt. of Statistics and Computer Science & IT Center, UVAS on 25-26th April 2017.
  • “Leadership Development Training for Women in Higher Education” HEC-British Council sponsored foreign training from 16 - 26th November, 2015 in Malaysia and Singapore on Women Leadership development.
  • Training Program on ‘‘Level 2 Award in Food Safety for Manufacturing’’ organized at International Conference & Expo, 2014 on ‘‘Recent Developments in Human Nutrition’’ held on March 18th, 2014 at UVAS, Outfall Road, Lahore.
  • ‘‘Workshop on Food Safety at Household Level’’ organized at International Conference & Expo, 2014 ‘‘Recent Developments in Human Nutrition’’ on March 17th, 2014 at UVAS, Outfall Road, Lahore.
  • ‘‘Scientific Writing’’ an online course conducted by Prof. Dr. Rafat Ali Siddiqui (Indiana University School of Medicine in USA)  under Virtual Education Project Pakistan (VEPP), held on 16- 23rd  Dec , 2013 at UVAS, Outfall Road, Lahore.
  • ‘‘Manuscript writing by using Endnote Software’’ organized by Library of University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore from April 1st to April 2nd, 2013 at UVAS, Outfall Road, Lahore.
  • ‘‘Scientific Writing’’ organized by the L.E.J. National Science Information Centre (International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences) under Virtual Education Project Pakistan (VEPP), held on January 23rd, 2013 at UVAS, Outfall Road, Lahore.
  • ‘‘Teachers Orientation Program’’ (TOP) organized by University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore from March 12th to March 28th, 2007 at University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore.
  • "Application of Biotechnology for Livestock and Poultry Development" training from 28th Nov - 02nd December 2005 at NIBGE, Faisalabad.
  • "Staff Development Course" on Education and Teaching Skills, obtained one month training from 09th June to 06th July, 2005 organized by Higher Education Commission, Islamabad at the University of Punjab, Lahore.

Trainings Organized & Attended:

  • Training organized at department of Dairy Technology, FAP&T, UVAS  on hands on learning of Paneer, Cottage cheese and Mozzarella cheese with the title “Hands on trainings on Cheese making" in Dairy processing unit, A-block, Ravi campus dated 6-8 October 2020.
  • Organized Workshop on “Camel milk cheese production and its value addition” on 30-09-2019 in  A-Block, Ravi campus, UVAS.
  • Training organized at the Islamia University, Bhawalpur on “Value addition of Camel Milk” under the Project titled “Enhancing nutritive value of Camel milk by introducing Camel milk cheese sweets & dried cheese powder and hands on training of female farmers as Master trainers in low income areas of Bahawalpur (Punjab)” to Camel female farmers, First session from (30-05-2019 to 01-06-2019).
  • Training organized at the Islamia University, Bhawalpur on “Value addition of Camel Milk” under the Project titled “Enhancing nutritive value of Camel milk by introducing Camel milk cheese sweets & dried cheese powder and hands on training of female farmers as Master trainers in low income areas of Bahawalpur (Punjab)” to Camel female farmers, Second Session from (13-06-2019 to 15-06-2019).
  • Training organized at the Islamia University, Bhawalpur on “Value addition of Camel Milk” under the Project titled “Enhancing nutritive value of Camel milk by introducing Camel milk cheese sweets & dried cheese powder and hands on training of female farmers as Master trainers in low income areas of Bahawalpur (Punjab)” to Camel female farmers, Third session from (27-06-2019 to 29-06-2019).
  • “Hands on CPD training on Cheese production for Dairy Industry” from (18th -19th, June 2019) at Ravi Campus Pattoki, UVAS. Resource Person: Mr. David M.G. Mitchell, Consultant Eville & Jones Company, United Kingdom.
  • Training organized on “Basic Microbiological Techniques used in Dairy Industries” from (07- 09th Jan, 2019) at “Bio-imaging/ Food Microstructure Laboratory” in Central Laboratory Complex, A-Block, Ravi Campus, Pattoki for the employees of Shakarganj Food Products Ltd.
  • Resource person of “Two weeks hands on training for young Faculty Member of SBBUVAS” organized by Department of Dairy Technology, UVAS, Ravi Campus, Pattoki from (1 - 12th Aug, 2016).
  • One week Training Workshop on “Hands on Training of Milk Processing and Value Addition” was organized for Capacity building of Veterinary Officers and Veterinary Assistants of Cattle Breeding Farm Harichand, Charsadda; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa candidates by the Department of Dairy Technology, participated as a Coordinator & Trainer from (16th to 21st June, 2014).
  • “International Symposium on Camel Management & Reproduction” on 23-24 December 2015, organized by Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam and Higher Education Commission, Islamabad.
  • “1st National Conference on Recent Advances in Functional Foods” organized by Department of Dairy Technology, held at A-Block, Ravi Campus, UVAS on 5-6th October, 2016. Organizer, and Convener of “Invitation Committee” and “Scientific Committee”.
  • “5th International Halal Conference & Exhibition”, held at Faletti’s Hotel, Lahore, 12 -13   April, 2016.
  •  Organized “Doodh conference” activity & awareness walk on 1st June 2016 at University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore on the occasion of World Milk Day.
  • “National Seminar on Buffalo Feeding Strategies” at UVAS RAVI Campus on 19th April 2016.
  • “Grant Proposal writing workshop” at A-Block, Ravi Campus, UVAS on 28- 29th December, 2016.
  •  Organized “World Milk Day” activity & awareness walk on 1st June, 2017 at University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
  •  Conference on “Recent trends in Food processing and Technology” organized by Department of Dairy Technology held at University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Ravi campus, Pattoki scheduled on  15-16th Nov, 2017.
  • “International Livestock Nutrition Summit” by NAP and UVAS on 21-22nd February, 2017 held at UVAS, Lahore.
  • “Presentation on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) applications regarding food products” department of Dairy Technology on 4th April, 2017.
  •  “Latex Workshop” conducted by Dept. of Statistics and Computer Science & IT Center, UVAS on 25-26th April, 2017.
  • Attended International Workshop on Collective action for Knowledge economy using Technology (CAKE-Tech) on 19th March 2018 at Conference Hall.
  • Organized “World Milk Day” activity & awareness walk on 1st June 2018 at University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Ravi campus, UVAS, Pattoki.
  • Stall presentation and Exhibition of Products in Food Expo titled: “Dawn Food & Agri Expo 2018” organized by USAID held at Expo Center, Johar Town, Lahore on 3rd- 4th May 2018.
  •  Seminar on “Patent Drafting and Filing Techniques” organized by ORIC, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore on 16th Feb 2018
  •  Organizing Committee member in two days Conference on “Trends and Innovation in Food Processing Technology: Prospects and Challenges” on 07-08th Nov 2018 at UVAS Auditorium, Ravi Campus, Pattoki.
  • Attended “International Buffalo Congress” (IBC 2019) held at Pearl Continental, Lahore, Pakistan on 18-19 February 2019. (Poster presentation).
  •  Oral Presentation in “International Buffalo Congress” (IBC 2019) held at Pearl Continental, Lahore, Pakistan on 18-19th February 2019.
  • Worked as Technical Abstract Reviewer for Conference “International Buffalo Congress (IBC)- 2019” by the Technical Committee of the IBC-2019.
  •  Chaired the Technical Session of conference in “4th Conference on emerging trends in Food Production and Processing” on 13-14th Nov 2019 at Poultry and Dairy Marketing building, A-block, Ravi Campus, UVAS.

Research Projects:

  • Principal Investigator project titled: “Enhancing nutritive value of Camel milk by introducing Camel milk cheese sweets & dried cheese powder and hands on training of female farmers as Master trainers in low income areas of Bahawalpur (Punjab)” of amount 1.48 Million Rs. funded by USAID-PARC, (CIMMYT) .
  • Developed, prepared proposals with complete specifications of two Mega Laboratories for the project titled “Enhancement of Research facilities at Ravi Campus, UVAS”. The laboratories developed were “Food Microstructure/ Bio imaging Laboratory” and “Sensory Evaluation Laboratory” in HEC funded Mega project of worth 960 Million of UVAS, Lahore.

Memberships of various Councils:

  • Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council (PVMC), Islamabad.              (Life long Member)  
  • Registered Veterinary Medical Practitioner (RVMP)                                               
  • Nutritionist Association of Pakistan (NAP)                                       (Life long Member)
  • Alumni Association UVAS                                                                (UVAS, Lahore)
  • Livestock & Dairy Development Board, Islamabad.                          (Member)
  • Camel Association of Pakistan (CAP)                                               (Member)

Other Achievements

  • Thesis Evaluator for Livestock Management Program of AIOU (Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad).
  • External Examiner: Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of The Punjab, Lahore.
  • External Examiner for Ph.D Comprehensive Examination (Written & Oral) Selected by Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam for two students in the Department of Animal Products Technology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam in the Year 2013.
  • Editorial Board Member of the journal “ International Journal of Dairy Science & Processing” (IJDSP), SciDoc Publishers, 16192 Coastal Highway, Lewes, Delaware 19958, USA.
  • Reviewed Research article in “Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences (PJAAEVS)”.
  • Arranged and conducted visit on the “Importance of Milk and Dairy products in daily routine life” in International Islamic University Islamabad School System, Pattoki (IIUI School, Pattoki)  on 16-01-2019.
  • Convener of “Qiraat & Naat Society” organizes event & competition in Spring Festival, 2015 held at UVAS, Ravi Campus, Pattoki.
  • Convener of “Qiraat & Naat Society” organizes event & competitionin Spring Festival, 2016 held at UVAS, Ravi Campus, Pattoki.
  • Paper setter, NTS National Testing Service, Islamabad.
  • Member, Livestock and Dairy Development Board, Islamabad.
  • Lab Incharge: Bio Imaging/ Food Microstructure Lab, CLC Complex, Ravi campus.
  • Revised Courses of M.Phil & PhD (Dairy Technology) & B.S. (Hons) Dairy Technology according to HEC and QEC requirements:
  • Revised curriculum of B.S. (Hons.) Dairy Technology in (2016 and 2019)
  • Revised Curriculum of M.Phil Dairy Technology (2018)
  • Revised curriculum of PhD Dairy Technology (2018)
  • Supervised M.Phil Research project of Mr. M. Younas Khan, Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore.
  • Supervised M.Phil Research project of Mr. Ahmad, Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore.
  • External examiner for Evaluation of PhD Thesis examination through Reference letter SU/CE Secrecy) / 1625 dated July 5, 2019 in Food Science and Technology, University of Sargodha, Pakistan (Miss Farhat Rashid).
  • Appointed External Evaluator for M.Sc (Hons) Livestock Management Thesis of Mr. Jafaer Hussain, Roll No. B1586233 in Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad.
  • Appointed External Evaluator for M.Sc (Hons) Livestock Management Thesis of Mr. Muhammad Abdul Rauf, Roll No. B1586235 in Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad.